Heerkul-malaastig ah, ama balaastig heerkulbeeg ah, waa walxo balaastiig ah, polymer ah, kaas oo noqda mid la qabsan karo ama la dhadhamin karo heerkul gaar ah oo adkeeya marka la qaboojiyo.
Inta badan thermoplastics waxay leeyihiin miisaan sare oo unugyo ah.Silsilada polymer-ka waxay ku xidhmaan xoogagga intermolecular, kuwaas oo si degdeg ah u daciifaya heerkulka korodhka, oo keena dareere viscous ah.Sidaa darteed, heerkulbeegyada waxaa laga yaabaa in dib loo qaabeeyo kuleyliyaha waxaana sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalaa in lagu soo saaro qaybo farsamooyin farsamaysan polymer oo kala duwan sida qaabaynta duritaanka, qaabaynta isku-buufinta, calending, iyo extrusion.Heerkulbeegyada heerkulbeeggu way ka duwan yihiin polymers-ka heerkulbeegga, kuwaas oo sameeya curaarta kiimikada ah ee aan la beddeli karin inta lagu jiro habka daaweynta.Heerkulbeegyadu ma dhalaalaan marka la kululeeyo: way burburaan oo dib uma habeeyaan marka ay qaboojiyaan.
Acrylic:Acrylic, polymer loo yaqaan poly (PMMA), waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan magacyo ganacsi sida Lucite, Perspex iyo Plexiglas.Waxay u adeegtaa sidii beddel adag oo dhalo ah oo loogu talagalay alaabada sida aquarium-yada, koofiyada koofiyadda mootooyinka, daaqadaha dayuuradaha, dekedaha lagu daawado, iyo muraayadaha nalalka baabuurta ee bannaanka.Waxaa si weyn loo isticmaalaa in lagu sameeyo calaamado, oo ay ku jiraan xarfo iyo calaamado.Daawada, waxaa loo isticmaalaa sibidhka lafaha iyo in lagu beddelo muraayadaha indhaha.Rinjiga akrilku wuxuu ka kooban yahay qaybo PMMA ah oo ku xayiran biyaha.
ABS:Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) waa tepolymer ka samaysan styrene iyo acrylonitrile iyadoo ay joogaan polybutadiene.ABS waa walxo khafiif ah oo muujiya iska caabin sare oo saameyn leh iyo adkaanta farsamada.Waxay keentaa khataro yar oo caafimaadka bini'aadamka ah marka loo eego maaraynta caadiga ah.Waxaa loo isticmaalaa alaabooyin badan oo macaamiisha ah, sida alaabada ay ku ciyaaraan, qalabyada, iyo telefoonada.
Naylon:Naylon waxay ka tirsan tahay fasalka polymers ee loo yaqaan polyamides.Waxay u adeegi jirtay baddelka hemp, suufka iyo xariirta, alaabta sida baarashuudka, xargaha, shiraacyada, jaakadaha fidsan iyo dharka dumarka.Fiilooyinka naylon waxay faa'iido u leeyihiin samaynta dharka, xargaha, roogagga iyo xadhkaha muusiga, halka qaabka badan, naylon loo isticmaalo qaybo farsamo oo ay ku jiraan muraayadaha mishiinka, gears iyo qalabka korontada.Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa loo isticmaalaa soo saarista walxaha isku dhafan ee kulaylka u adkaysta.
PLA:Polylactic acid (polylactide) waa polyester aliphatic thermoplastic biodegradable ah oo laga soo qaatay ilaha la cusboonaysiin karo, sida istaarijka galleyda (Maraykanka), xididada tapioca, chips ama istaarijka (inta badan Aasiya), ama sonkorta.Waa mid ka mid ah agabka loo isticmaalo daabacaadda 3D ee leh farsamooyinka qaabaynta dhigaalka (FDM).
Polybenzimidazole:Fiber Polybenzimidazole waa fiber synthetic oo leh bar dhalaalid aad u sarreeya.Waxay leedahay kuleyl gaar ah iyo xasilooni kiimikaad oo si sahal ah uma shido.Waxaa markii ugu horreysay helay farmashiistaha polymer-ka Mareykanka ee Carl Shipp Marvel isagoo raadinaya walxo cusub oo leh xasillooni heer sare ah, adkeynta qallafsanaanta, adkaanta heerkulka sare.Deganaanshaheeda sare awgeed, Polybenzimidazole waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu sameeyo dharka ilaalinta waxqabadka sare leh sida qalabka dab-demiska, meelaha cirbixiyeenada, galoofyada ilaalinta heerkulka sare, dharka alxanka iyo dharka gidaarka diyaaradda.Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, polybenzimidazole waxay heshay codsigeeda sida xuubka unugyada shidaalka.
Polycarbonate:Polycarbonate (PC) thermoplastics waxaa lagu yaqaanaa calaamadaha ganacsiga sida Lexan, Makrolon, Makroclear, iyo arcoPlus.Si fudud ayaa loogu shaqeeyaa, loo qaabeeyey, loona qaabeeyey heerkulbeegyo badan oo codsiyo ah, sida qaybaha elektaroonigga ah, qalabka dhismaha, agabka kaydinta xogta, baabuurta iyo qaybaha diyaaradaha, hubinta saldhigyada saabuunta, iyo glazing ammaanka.Polycarbonates ma laha koodka aqoonsiga resinka oo gaar ah.Walxaha ka samaysan polycarbonate waxay ka koobnaan karaan monomer bisphenol A (BPA).
Polyether sulfone:Polyether sulfone (PES) waa fasal heerkulbeeg si gaar ah loo farsameeyay oo leh kulayl sare, oksaydhative, iyo xasilloonida hydrolytic, iyo iska caabin wanaagsan u leh asiidhka macdanta aqueous, alkalis, xalalka milixda, saliidaha iyo dufanka.
Polyoxymethylene:Polyoxymethylene (POM), oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano acetal, polyacetal iyo polyformaldehyde, waa thermoplastic injineer ah oo loo isticmaalo qaybo sax ah oo u baahan qallafsanaan sare, khilaaf hoose, iyo xasilooni cabbir heer sare ah.Sida badan oo kale oo polymers synthetic, waxaa soo saara shirkado kiimiko oo kala duwan oo leh noocyo kala duwan oo noocyo kala duwan ah oo lagu iibiyo magacyo kala duwan sida Delrin, Celcon, Ramtal, Duracon, Kepital iyo Hostaform.
Ketone polyetherther:Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) waa polymer thermoplastic organic aan midab lahayn oo ka tirsan qoyska polyaryletherketone (PAEK), oo loo isticmaalo codsiyada injineernimada.Waxaa markii hore soo bandhigtay Victrex PLC, ka dibna ICI (Industries Kiimikada Imperial) horaantii 1980-meeyadii.Waxay leedahay sifooyin soo jiidasho leh sida iska caabbinta nabarka wanaagsan, ololka hooseeya iyo sii deynta qiiqa iyo gaaska sunta ah.
Polyethermide:Polyetherimide (PEI), oo ay soo saartay falcelinta barakicinta nitro cusub ee ku lug leh bisphenol A, 4, 4'-methylenedianiline iyo 3-nitrophthalic anhydride, waxay leedahay heerkul kuleyl sare oo qalloocan, xoogga jilicsanaanta iyo modules.Waxaa guud ahaan loo adeegsadaa qaybaha korantada iyo elektiroonigga ah ee waxqabadka sarreeya, qalabka microwave-ka, iyo qaybaha baabuurta hoostooda.
Polyethylene:Polyethylene (polyetlene, polyethylene, PE) waa qoys ka kooban walxo isku mid ah oo loo kala saaray iyadoo loo eegayo cufnaanta iyo qaab-dhismeedka unugyada.Waxa kale oo loo yaqaan poly waxaana lagu helaa ku darida polymerisation ee ethylene.Waxay noqon kartaa cufnaanta hoose ama cufnaanta sare iyadoo ku xiran habka loo isticmaalo wax soo saarkeeda.Waxay u adkaysataa qoyaanka iyo inta badan kiimikooyinka.Way dabacsan tahay heerkulka qolka.(iyo heerkul hooseeya) waxaana lagu xidhi karaa kulaylka.
Polyphenylene oxide:Polyphenylene oxide (PPO), kaas oo laga helay xagjirnimada xorta ah, koritaanka-koritaanka oxidative polymerization polymerization of 2,6-xylenol, waxay leedahay sifooyin badan oo soo jiidasho leh sida qalloocinta kulaylka sare iyo xoogga saameynta, xasiloonida kiimikada macdanta iyo asiidhyada organic, iyo nuugista biyaha hoose.PPO way adagtahay in la habeeyo, sidaa awgeed xabagta ganacsiga (Noryl) waxaa lagu sameeyaa iyadoo lagu darayo PPO iyo polystyrene-saameyn sare leh (HIPS), kaas oo u adeega si loo yareeyo heerkulka habaynta.
Polyphenylene sulfide:Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) oo laga helay polymerization-ka p-dichlorobenzene iyo sodium sulfide, waxay leedahay iska caabin kiimiko oo heer sare ah, sifooyin koronto oo wanaagsan, dib-u-dhac ololeed oo aad u fiican, isku-dhafan hoose oo isku-dhafan iyo hufnaan sare oo shucaaca microwave ah.PPS waxaa inta badan loo adeegsadaa codsiyada dahaarka.Tan waxa lagu sameeyaa iyada oo lagu buufiyo dareeraha aqueous ee walxaha PPS iyo kuleylinta heerkul ka sarreeya 370°C.Darajooyinka gaarka ah ee PPS waxa loo isticmaali karaa qaabaynta iyo isku-buufinta heerkulku (300 ilaa 370°C) kaas oo qaybaha PPS ay jilciyaan oo ay maraan isku xidhid muuqda.Codsiyada ugu muhiimsan ee duritaanka iyo isku-buufinta qaabaysan ee PPS waxaa ka mid ah qalabka wax lagu kariyo, xirmooyinka, iyo qaybaha bamka ee adeega meelo kala duwan oo daxaloobay.
Polypropylene:Polypropylene (PP) waxay faa'iido u leedahay alaabooyinka kala duwan sida weelasha cuntada ee dib loo isticmaali karo, microwave-iyo weel-dhaqiyaha- weelasha caagga ah ee badbaadsan, xuubka xafaayadda, dahaarka fayadhowrka iyo dahaarka, xadhkaha, roogagyada, naqshadaha caagga ah, nidaamyada tuubooyinka, baytariyada baabuurta, dahaarka korontada fiilooyinka iyo filtarrada gaaska iyo dareeraha.Daawada, waxa loo isticmaalaa daawaynta hernia iyo in lagu sameeyo qalab caafimaad oo u adkaysta kulaylka.Xaashiyaha polypropylene waxaa loo isticmaalaa galalka waraaqaha iyo baakadaha iyo haamaha kaydinta cad.Polypropylene waxaa lagu qeexaa lambarka balaastiigga ah ee dib loo warshadayn karo 5. Inkasta oo aan firfircoonayn, haddana waxay u nugul tahay shucaaca ultraviolet waxayna si weyn hoos ugu dhici kartaa iftiinka qorraxda tooska ah.Polypropylene maaha mid u adkaysata sida polyetylennada (HDPE, LDPE).Waxa kale oo ay xoogaa dhaafi kartaa gaasaska iyo dareerayaasha aadka u kacsan.
Polystyrene:Polystyrene waxaa lagu soo saaraa qaabab kala duwan oo leh codsiyo kala duwan.Polystyrene extruded (PS) waxaa loo isticmaalaa soo saarida goynta la tuuri karo, CD-yada iyo DVD-yada, moodooyinka balaastiga ah ee baabuurta iyo doomaha, iyo guryaha qiiqa sheega.Xumbo polystyrene oo la fidiyay (EPS) ayaa loo isticmaalaa samaynta dahaarka iyo alaabta baakadaha, sida " lawska" iyo xumbo la qaabeeyey ee loo isticmaalo in lagu buufiyo alaabta jilicsan.Xumbo polystyrene extruded (XPS), oo loo yaqaan magaca ganacsiga Styrofoam, ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu sameeyo moodooyinka qaab dhismeedka iyo koobabka cabitaanka cabitaannada kulul.Copolymers-ka polystyrene waxaa loo isticmaalaa soo saarista alaabada lagu ciyaaro iyo daboolka alaabta.
Polyvinyl chloride:Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) waa shay adag, oo khafiif ah oo u adkaysta asiidhka iyo saldhigyada.Inta badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa warshadaha dhismaha, sida xayndaabka vinyl, tuubooyinka, mareenada iyo go'yaasha saqafka.Waxa kale oo loo beddelaa foomamka dabacsan oo lagu daro balaastiigiyeyaasha, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid waxtar u leh alaabta sida tuubooyinka, tuubooyinka, dahaarka korantada, jaakadaha, jaakadaha iyo dharka.PVC dabacsan ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa alaabta la buufin karo, sida sariiraha biyaha iyo alaabta barkada lagu ciyaaro.PVC sidoo kale waa wax caadi ah oo ku jira tirooyinka waxqabadka vinyl, gaar ahaan wadamada sida Japan, halkaas oo maaddada si weyn loogu isticmaalo waxa loogu yeero tirooyinka Sofubi.Sida PVC si fudud u foorarsato oo ay u janjeerto in la foorarsado inta lagu jiro safarka, habka 'dib u hagaajin' tani waa in la kululeeyo balaastiigga ilaa ay noqoto mid guurguura, ka dibna 'dib-u-laabashada' walxaha si sax ah.
polymer:polymer waa magac sumad ah DuPont oo loogu talagalay noocyo kala duwan oo polymer polytetrafluoroethylene ah (PTFE), kaas oo iska leh fasalka heerkulbeegyada
Waqtiga boostada: May-01-2018